The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) stands as a pivotal tool within the EU’s legislative framework, aimed at achieving complete decarbonization of its building stock by 2050. With the intention to align with higher ambitions and enhance community involvement in climate protection, the Directive underwent revision in December 2021. This involved negotiations between the Council of the EU and the European Parliament, focusing on aspects such as the incorporation of energy from power grids and district heating networks.
A notable triumph can be seen in the EU’s energy sector, which has impressively reduced greenhouse gas emissions. This accomplishment is evident in the substantial decrease in GHG emission intensity in electricity generation, dropping by 45% between 1990 and 2021, thanks largely to renewable energy adoption and shifts away from coal.
Renewable Energy Directive (RED) outlines binding targets for the share of renewables in energy consumption. The power sector’s role in these objectives is significant, requiring cooperation in terms of grid-supplied electricity to zero-emission buildings. While the Council’s position emphasizes carbon-free sources, the European Parliament’s stance allows electricity from the grid under specific conditions. However, discussions reveal disparities in power purchase agreement (PPA) markets among EU countries.
The emphasis on district heating systems’ evolution toward net-zero aligns with RED and the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED). These regulations set strict schedules for adopting renewables and waste heat, with a vision for a complete shift to renewables and waste heat by 2050. The European Parliament and the Council’s incorporation of this vision within EPBD proposals is pivotal for the district heating systems’ future.
A debate within EPBD discussions pertains to whether zero-emission buildings should rely on on-site or centralized energy generation. Despite the potential benefits of centralized energy production in terms of cost-efficiency, some policymakers lean towards on-site generation. The ongoing energy crisis underscores the need for cost-effective solutions. Balancing these concerns is crucial to meeting ambitious emission reduction targets.
Anticipating the energy sector’s continued strides toward climate neutrality, the supply of clean energy from electricity grids and efficient heating and cooling systems will be indispensable. This supply must be harnessed to facilitate the energy demands of green buildings. Ensuring flexibility in energy sourcing for zero-emission buildings is essential, with the onus on building owners to determine the most cost-effective solution.
The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) plays a pivotal role in aligning the EU with its decarbonization goals. The integration of cleaner energy sources, collaboration between legislative bodies, and the choice between centralized and on-site energy generation are all critical considerations in shaping a greener future for the built environment.